Curiously recurring template pattern

The curiously recurring template pattern (CRTP) is an idiom in C++ in which a class X derives from a class template instantiation using X itself as template argument. It is a form of F-bounded Quantification.

// The Curiously Recurring Template Pattern (CRTP)
template <class T>
class Base
{
    // methods within Base can use template to access members of Derived
};

class Derived : public Base<Derived>
{
    // ...
};

Some use cases for this pattern are:

1. Static polymorphism
2. Template metaprogramming techniques